Top 8 Free Online Style Guides in English

Sensible is probably the highest praise that can be given to a style guide. Neither a comprehensive documentation manual (such as the MLA or APA guides) nor a self-improvement book (along the lines of Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style), a publishers style guide should provide practical and consistent advice about matters ranging from abbreviations and preferred spellings to punctuation standards and acceptable terminology. If youre not already committed to one particular code of conventions—such as The Associated Press Stylebook, the journalists bible—consider befriending one of these free online style guides. Each has its eccentricities and limitations, and no two of them agree on every fine point of usage. But theyre all sensible and reasonably consistent.   American Styles National Geographic Style Manual  Online since 1995 and frequently updated by a team of editors, this is an alphabetically arranged guide to preferred National Geographic Society style and usage.​The Tameri Guide for Writers: Generalized Stylebook  Maintained by Susan D. Schnelbach and Christopher Scott Wyatt, the Tameri Stylebook is based on the Associated Press Stylebook, which is the primary style guide for reporters and editors at daily newspapers and many periodicals.​Wikipedia: Manual of Style  This style guide for all Wikipedia articles is intended to help editors write articles with consistent, clear, and precise language, layout, and formatting. British Styles The BBC News Styleguide (pdf) Written by John Allen, a BBC reporter and editor for the past 40 years, this popular manual is not a do and dont list but a guide that invites you to explore some of the complexities of modern English usage.​Economist.com Style Guide  John Grimonds online guide is based on the stylebook followed by journalists at The Economist magazine. The 11th edition of the paperback version of the guide will be published in 2015.​The Guardian and Observer Style Guide  Edited by David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, this is the online version of Guardian Style. The third edition of this witty handbook was published in December 2010.​Telegraph Style Book  Augmented by monthly style notes from associate editor Simon Heffer, this is the official guide to house style for The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Telegraph, and Telegraph.co.uk. Canadian Styles The Canadian Style  Compiled by the Canadian governments Translation Bureau, Canadian Style includes useful advice for drafting letters, memos, reports, indexes and bibliographies along with concise answers to questions concerning written English in the Canadian context.

The American Education System Is Important For National...

Prince1 Rebecca Prince Professor Morrison PLS 101 November 4, 2015 The American Education System In an intelligence-based economy, education is important to national prosperity and individual success. Huge achievement gaps and opportunities must shrink to non-existence, and every student must receive a well education that prepares them for college and careers in the world as it is today. Comparing the United States education system to other countries shows that the United States scored lower than nineteen other counties and education systems in reading in the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment. Germany and Poland in particular are two countries that have now surpassed the United States. During the same study, scores showed that twenty-nine nations outperformed the United States by a large amount in mathematics, and in science, there have been twenty-two education systems that scored higher than the United States (Heitin). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was signed into law by President Johnson in 1965. The ESEA allow ed for new grants to districts for low-income students, federal grants for text books and federal grants for state instruction. This action also placed distinctive schooling centers. In 2002, the act was renamed as No Child Left Behind (NCLB) reauthorized, and signed by President Bush. The reauthorized form uncovered the fissures in educational accomplishment among susceptible students and those who have the upper hand withShow MoreRelatedA Study on National Security Strategy1312 Words   |  5 PagesNational security is paramount to the protection of America and its constituents. It is imperative, particularly as the world becomes more global, that nation security maintains the integrity of the entire system. Technology, due in part to globalization, is becoming more ubiquitous. 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Choice of University and Choice of Course in Australia free essay sample

After the Bradley report which was written following the review of higher education system in 2008, the Australian government has introduced many policies and financial assistance for this demographic in hope of increasing the participation rates to 20 per cent by 2020 (Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations, 2008, p. xiv). However, despite steady increases in overall tertiary participation, the inequalities still remain. People with low socio-economic status are not as successful in applying or gaining access to more prestigious institutions as those with medium or high socio-economic status are (James, 2007, p. ). It is not only participation at university level that is affected with this imbalance. Significant social differences can be seen across different universities as well as different fields of study (Reay et al. 2001, p. 858). Study by Ferguson and Simpson (2011) has found, and James (2007) agrees, that students with low socio-economic background are n ot so successful in gaining entry into the courses with more competitive entry requirements like medicine, law or architecture. These students were more concentrated in courses such as education, nursing, IT and business (James, 2007, p. 7). James (2007, p. 7) believes that the same is true for the high demand universities, where low socio-economic status students hold a share of only 11 per cent of all places. These differences can be somewhat accredited to the geographical location of these more prestigious universities as they are mainly situated in the metropolitan areas. However, there are other factors that contribute to this imbalance more so. Some experts believe that students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds may not aspire to attend these universities believing that it is not an achievable goal, or they may not perform academically well enough for more competitive courses. Other studies indicate that it is in fact the psychological factors which create socioeconomic imbalances in higher education participation. This paper will look at rates of participation, aspirations, ability and psychological factors and their affect on the decision making process of low socio-economic status students when it comes to higher education. It will argue that there is enough supporting evidence to conclude that this demographic does not have a lot of impact on university participation, choice of university or choice of course. While overall higher education participation rates have improved, socio-economically disadvantaged people are least represented group in Australian higher education. James (2007, p. 2) states that ‘social class is the single most reliable predictor of the likelihood that individuals will participate in higher education at some stage in their lives’. Undergraduate Applications, Offers and Acceptances Report from the Department of Education, Employment and Work Relations, states that in 2011, 18. 6 per cent of all applicants were from low socio-economic backgrounds, compared to 30. 6 per cent of applicants from high socio-economic group (DEEWR, 2011, p. 15). It also reports that even though applications by low socio-economic status applicants were up by 3. 4 per cent they were less likely to result in an offer. Low socio-economic status applicants had an offer rate of 79. per cent compared to 83. 5 per cent for applications from high socio-economic status applicants (DEEWR, 2011, p. 15). Even though the rates for applications and offers to higher education for low socio-economic demographic have slightly increased, according to DEEWR (2011), this demographic continues to be the least represented at university level. One of the reasons that could explain the current higher education participation numbers by people from low socio-ec onomic background is aspiration. It has to be considered as one of the principal issues in student’s decision making process. According to the English dictionary, to aspire, it means to have a strong desire to achieve something. Consequently, to attend university, an individual needs to aspire to do so. Bowden and Doughney (2010), in their study of secondary students in the western suburbs of Melbourne, have found that those with lower socio-economic status have fewer aspirations to attend university. Instead, they aspire to attend a vocational training institution or gain employment. Difference in spirations among different demographics is mainly influenced by individual’s social systems, such as class, ethnicity, gender, customs and religion (Bowden amp; Doughney, 2010, p. 119). Furthermore, in his research for the Department of Education, Science and Training, James has found that there is a strong relationship between parental education levels and young people’s educational aspirations (DEST , 2002, p. 51). Bowden and Doughney’s study results are consistent with James’ findings, as well as Bourdieu’s concept of ‘cultural capital’, which Harker et al. (cited in Webb et al. 002, p. 22) defined as ‘culturally valued taste and consumption pattern’. Therefore, it can be said that those who come from low socio-economic background are at a disadvantage when it comes to entering higher education due to the fact that they were not brought up with the idea of attending university. Academic achievement or student’s ability is seen as another important factor that needs to be considered when studying inequalities in higher education. This is because in Australia, university enrolment process relies heavily on individual’s academic achievement. Student’s academic record is seen as a main way of entry into the university and acquiring all the benefits that come with having a degree. Teese (cited in Ferguson amp; Simpson, 2011, p. 33) proposed that almost half of low socio-economic status students obtain scores in the lowest academic bands and that only small number of these students receives high academic scores. Ferguson and Simpson conclude that this is due to fewer resources, such as educational, cultural, social and financial, that are available for this group of students, rather than lack of ability. Cardak and Ryan (2009) have come to the similar conclusion. They have found that academic scores of low socio-economic status students are lower due to the fact that their early educational achievements are also lower in comparison to the more advantaged students and their achievements (Cardak amp; Ryan, 2009, p. 444). Both Ferguson and Simpson’s and Cardak and Ryan’s studies agree that students with same ability and same academic scores have the same likelihood of attending university regardless of their socio-economic status. They also agree that the quality of academic results rises with the status. Thus, as they don’t have access to as many resources as their more privileged peers, low socio-economic status students are at a disadvantage when it comes to securing a place at university. Although aspirations and academic ability are very important factors in higher education inequality, it could be said that the psychological factors have most of the influence on person’s decision to attend university. Students from low socio-economic background are more conscious of the existence of barriers to their entering higher education (Harris, 2005, p. 4) and are not likely to encounter diverse influences that might persuade them to participate in higher education (DEST, 2002, p. 50). James believes that students from this demographic are more likely to be doubtful about their academic ability and achievement and they would possibly be lacking financial support (DEST, 2002, p. 50). He also states that they have less confidence in parental support and a stronger interest in earning an income as soon as they leave school. ‘The perceptions and beliefs held by people with low socio-economic status can all be regarded as habitus, which is described as ‘embodied predispositions that are learned early in the life of a young person’ (Harris, 2005, p. 4). As they lack role models, it is very difficult for these young people to see university participation as something that is relevant to them or something they could achieve (Harris, 2005, p. ). In their UK based study of working class secondary students, Reay et al. (2001, p. 865) have found that this group of students were choosing universities where they were most likely to fit in, as they felt more comfortable attending such university and where they could find ‘intellectual and social peers’. Psychological factors play an important role in the decision making process due to the emotio ns attached to them. Low socio-economic status students seem to have a lot more to consider when deciding on their higher education pathway. As the evidence would suggest, students from low socio-economic background, have very little impact on university participation, choice of university or choice of course at present time. According to the government reports, students from disadvantaged backgrounds are highly under-represented at university level. Thus, higher education in Australia is far from being level playing field for some demographics. The most current review of higher education shows that the participation rates at university in general, as well as different courses and institutions are considerably lower for those ith low socio-economic status. The difference between low and high socio-economic status groups is quite significant, despite the government’s efforts to improve these numbers by implementing new policies and strategies. As discussed in this paper, the reasons for inequality are varied and complex. However, most of the researchers agree that it is the family attitudes that are at the core of t he problem. These attitudes have enormous influence on student’s decision making process. However, there is always a possibility for change. Australian universities, in conjunction with schools and government’s help, need to focus on developing new social networks and transforming set beliefs of disadvantaged students. These changes could be achieved through the use of early interventions and positive role models during middle schooling. Only with successful attitude changes will the higher education participation numbers improve for this particular demographic. References Bowden, MP amp; Doughney, J 2010, ‘Socio-economic status, cultural diversity and the aspirations of secondary students in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia’, High Education, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 115-129, SpringerLink, viewed 2 October 2012. Cardak, BA amp; Ryan, C 2009, ‘Participation in higher education in Australia: equity and access’, Economic Record, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 433-448, Wiley Online Library 2012 Full Collection, viewed 25 September 2012. Centre for the Study of Higher Education 2008, ‘Participa tion and Equity: A Review of the participation in higher education of people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and Indigenous people’, Universities Australia and the Centre for the Study of Higher Education (CSHE), University of Melbourne, viewed 4 October 2012, lt;http://www. niversitiesaustralia. edu. au/resources/271/290gt; Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations 2008, ‘Review of Australian higher education – Executive summary’ report prepared by D Bradley, H Noonan amp; B Scales, Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations (DEEWR), Canberra, pp. xi-xviii, viewed 25 September 2012, lt;http://www. innovation. gov. au/HigherEducation/Documents/Review/PDF/Hig

Panasonic Report Essay Example

Panasonic Report Essay The story of what became the Panasonic Corporation began in Osaka, Japan in 1918; this was when Konosuke Matsushita invented a revolutionary two-socket light bulb (Duplex Light Bulb). With only 3 employees and himself he produced and sold the light bulbs from his home in Osaka. Matsushita’s idea was so highly regarded he had to rent his neighbour’s house to keep up with demand. In 1992 however Matsushita could not handle the demand from his home any longer, so in 1992 he leased a 230m2 site nearby, completing construction of a factory and office in July. By the end of the year, employees numbered more than 50. Whilst doing this Matsushita continued to research new products and in 1923 he invented a new type of bicycle lamp called the â€Å"bullet lamp† due to its bullet like shape (seen in the picture to the right. )(http://panasonic. net/history/corporate/chronicle/1923-01. html). This was a breakthrough in bicycle lamps at the time as many cyclists used oil lanterns as a way of illumination. Although there were some battery powered lights available many of them only last 3-4 hours before running out, Matsushita’s â€Å"Bullet Lamp† promised to last ten times that. We will write a custom essay sample on Panasonic Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Panasonic Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Panasonic Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The 1930’s proved to be a massive decade for Matsushita Electric Manufacturing Devices. 1931 see the invention of a radio, at this time many of the radio’s tuning into Japan’s national broadcasting station were unreliable and Matsushita had experienced this himself vowing to build a radio â€Å"that doesn’t break†. In 1930 Matsushita set up Kokudo Electric Co. A joint venture with a radio manufacturer. After a string of unreliable and unsuccessful models Matsushita demanded a radio that met his expectations, and three months post this Kokudo Electric Co. Developed a radio set that immediately won a prize sponsored by the Japanese National broadcasting station (seen left) (http://panasonic. net/history/corporate/chronicle/1931-02. html). Matsushita sold these for a much higher price than the rest of the highly competitive market, however it was a small price to pay for a reliable radio, and Matsushita milked the market for maximum profits. The story of Panasonic Corporation began in Osaka, Japan in 1918, when Konosuke Matsushita invented a two-socket light bulb. He started producing nd selling the light bulb from his own house, with just 3 employees. The invention of a new type of bicycle lamp came in 1923, followed by the development of the first radio just 8 years later. In 1935 they launched their first television, an area of production that has since proved immensely successful. 1935 also marked a turning point in the size, production and sheer growth of Panasonic Corporation. This particular year saw the company manufacturing 600 different kinds of product with sales extending to overseas markets for the first time.

Free Essays on Wireless Technology

Wireless networks use radio frequencies as an alternative to standard land-based Ethernet cabling. In a wireless network, also referred to as a â€Å"WLAN†, wireless access points are set up to act as transmitters to send data to wireless network cards installed on users’ PCs, appliances, or mobile devices anywhere on the network. Wireless networks offer the same services as a traditional wired network, as well as the added advantage of mobility. (Syracuse) Just as in a wired network environment, any device that requires a network connection must be equipped with a wireless network card. These connected devices communicate with each other through the wireless access point.(High) This access point must be physically wired and connected to the network through a high-speed interface. Wireless networking provides several advantages over a traditional wired network. Users have the advantage of mobility, meaning, users can physically move about the network using a mobile device while still maintaining a high speed an d reliable connection. Cabling problems are also no longer an issue. Wireless networks eliminate the need for the expensive and tedious costs of installation of high speed cabling. Cable faults are also eliminated because the need to replace faulty cabling is no longer needed. Wireless networks are often more quickly installed and the need to worry about office configurations and floor layouts is not as much of a concern. (Mobility) Even though wireless networking does provide several advantages over traditional cabled networking it is not without its disadvantages. Smaller bandwidth than traditional cabling, can often slow the network. Security is also an issue. While wireless networks can be encrypted, any wireless signal can be passively intercepted. And perhaps the biggest disadvantage of this technology is its reliability. All wireless signals suffer from the same problem, interference from and with ot... Free Essays on Wireless Technology Free Essays on Wireless Technology Wireless networks use radio frequencies as an alternative to standard land-based Ethernet cabling. In a wireless network, also referred to as a â€Å"WLAN†, wireless access points are set up to act as transmitters to send data to wireless network cards installed on users’ PCs, appliances, or mobile devices anywhere on the network. Wireless networks offer the same services as a traditional wired network, as well as the added advantage of mobility. (Syracuse) Just as in a wired network environment, any device that requires a network connection must be equipped with a wireless network card. These connected devices communicate with each other through the wireless access point.(High) This access point must be physically wired and connected to the network through a high-speed interface. Wireless networking provides several advantages over a traditional wired network. Users have the advantage of mobility, meaning, users can physically move about the network using a mobile device while still maintaining a high speed an d reliable connection. Cabling problems are also no longer an issue. Wireless networks eliminate the need for the expensive and tedious costs of installation of high speed cabling. Cable faults are also eliminated because the need to replace faulty cabling is no longer needed. Wireless networks are often more quickly installed and the need to worry about office configurations and floor layouts is not as much of a concern. (Mobility) Even though wireless networking does provide several advantages over traditional cabled networking it is not without its disadvantages. Smaller bandwidth than traditional cabling, can often slow the network. Security is also an issue. While wireless networks can be encrypted, any wireless signal can be passively intercepted. And perhaps the biggest disadvantage of this technology is its reliability. All wireless signals suffer from the same problem, interference from and with ot...

Impacts of Internet to Youth Essays

Impacts of Internet to Youth Essays Impacts of Internet to Youth Essay Impacts of Internet to Youth Essay The Internet is a family word in the West and is responsible for the broad airing of information all over the universe. It is possibly the greatest innovation of the twentieth century and gives great power to its users ; with great power comes great duty. particularly for young persons. The Internet is a new medium for administering information. It has its ain civilization. its ain manner of pass oning. no jurisprudence enforcement. no national boundaries every bit good as free entree to every sort of information known to mankind. Its possible for good and evil is mind-boggling with the possibility of every family being connected. After the September 11th onslaughts on the United States. it was rumored that Bin Laden’s Al Qaeda organisation used the Internet to covertly exchange messages to fix for the onslaughts [ Kelley. Jack. Panic groups hide behind Web encoding. USA today. 2001. 05. 20. Available on life. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. usatoday. com/life/cyber/tech/2001-02-05-binladen. htm ] . But the Internet has so far chiefly served as a really valuable tool to convey mankind closer together and to take some of the barriers inherent in the real universe ( such as expensive text editions and far distances to go to see person ) . It has had a great impact on those states that have adopted its usage and provides some sort of step of the spread between First World and Third World states. But what precisely is the Internet? And what are some of its utilizations? And what are its impacts to the society particularly youth? 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many computing machine literate kids and young person entree the Internet daily for both educational and recreational intents. While the Internet provides a wealth of positive information. there has been increased consciousness of its possible dangers. particularly to immature people. To turn to concerns environing Internet safety. in 1999 the Internet Safety Group of New Zealand was established. The Internet Safety Group is comprised of a figure of Community groups and authorities bureaus. Their nonsubjective is to offer Schools and libraries resources that will assist them educate and protect kids and Young people. and educate parents/caregivers on the safe usage of the Internet. ( Internet Safety Group. 2000. p. 3 ) . There has been much treatment to day of the month about the unsafe’ Internet patterns of young person. Empirical research in this country is nevertheless limited. Auckland Rape Crisis. as a member of the Internet Safety Group. wanted to increase their cogniti on and apprehension of how youth use the Internet. and more specifically what young person may or may non be making to put themselves at hazard as a consequence of being online. Therefore. it is imperative to analyze on the impacts of Internet to youth in Tanzania. 1. 3 IMPORTANCE THE STUDY 1. The survey will assist the research worker to hold practical accomplishments on carry oning research. 2. The survey will open room for other researches to be conducted on the field so as to place what should be done to fix young person to get the better of the challenges of Internet. 3. The survey will besides assist the authorities and stakeholders in policy devising to reexamine state policies refering the use of Internet. 4. The survey will besides uncover the danger associate to internet use among young person in Tanzania. 5. The survey will besides uncover the danger associate to internet use among young person in Tanzania every bit far as our civilization is concerned. 1. 4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Specifically the survey will concentrate on the undermentioned aims: 1 ) To happen out and analyse the degree of young person consciousness and competency in the usage of Internet. 2 ) To place different types of Internet services and their utilizations to youth in Tanzania. 3 ) To place what are the positive and negative impact of cyberspace to youth in Tanzania. 4 ) To place what young person in Tanzania benefit from Internet use. 1. 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The survey will concentrate chiefly on placing utilizations of cyberspace among young person in Tanzania and how internet affect their behaviour and their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activity plus uncovering the advantages that they will obtain from the cyberspace. To run into the end the research worker will analyze and analyse critically youth behaviour on utilizing the cyberspace. what services they prefer to utilize on the cyberspace. what sort of Webpages they prefer to see and how internet affects them. 1. 6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The survey is affected by the undermentioned restrictions: a ) Fund provided by the patron is limited therefore the research worker will carry on the survey in conformity to the fund available. B ) Handiness respondents and response from respondents will restrict the research worker signifier acquiring relevant information at the right clip. degree Celsius ) There is no adequate cogent evidence of the information given by respondents. which might restrict the research from run intoing the aim of the research vitamin D ) The handiness of literature will impact the survey. Few literatures may impede the efficiency of the survey. 1. 7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS The survey will look into on the undermentioned inquiries: 1. Are youth in Tanzania aware of the Internet and to what extent? 2. What service offered by Internet ( web ) do youth prefers? 3. How Internet influences youth behavior? 4. How does youth profit from the Internet? Statistical HYPOTHESIS 1. Are youth in Tanzania aware of the Internet and to what extent? Hypothesis Youth in Tanzania are cognizant of cyberspace Youth in Tanzania are non cognizant of cyberspace 2. What service offered by Internet/web do youth prefers? Hypothesis Youth prefer most of the services offered by the web. Youth do non prefer most of the services offered by the web. 3. How Internet influences youth behavior? Hypothesis Internet does act upon youth behaviour. Internet does non act upon youth behaviour. 4. How does youth profit from the Internet? Hypothesis Youth does profit from the Internet. Youth does non profit from the Internet.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example It involves in developing policies and fulfils organisational objectives. The organisations develop many framework and models based on the competitive and complex environment to develop strategic management system. It is not static in nature. It keeps on changing with the market scenario. The models in the strategic manage sometimes included a loop for giving feedback for monitoring the plan and developing the next level of plan. It helps to develop a systematic co ordination, mission, and vision of the business. It transforms plans into system which provide performance and feedback helping in the growth of the business. In this case study a large telecommunication company is used namely Apple. The company has developed many new products and has used its strategies very efficiently that the businesses generate maximum revenue from that. Although Apple is successful and globally renowned brand, but the strategy they have used for their business in line of vision is quite different wit h respect to other telecommunication companies. The strategies of Apple have been analysed of the basis of models like McKinsey’s 7-S Framework, Porters Generic Strategies, and Porter’s Diamond Strategies to understand their way of thinking. Where is there are lot of firms in existence in today’s market place only few can call themselves to be profitable and the rarest of rare can enjoy a global position, recognition and aura around them as Apple. Although there are many factors that determine the success of one company and failure of another selecting an effective strategy may be termed as the first step (Tallman, 2010). Porter’s generic Strategies go on to describe how a company applies a particular strategy to establish its competitive advantage over its rival. According to Porter there are three types of generic strategies: Lower cost, Differentiation and focus. The

Bonnie Raitt and the Boom Generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bonnie Raitt and the Boom Generation - Essay Example Some sociologists have also attributed individualism as a common trait to baby boomers (Boaz, 11). Another interesting fact is that 35% of baby boomers have been divorced (Schlesinger) Bonnie Raitt was a baby boomer and her life cycle almost followed the common life pattern of baby boomers. She has been involved with environmental movement, movement against nuclear weapons, Native American movement, women’s and human rights movements (Bonnieraitt.com). All these movements have been in some way or other anti-establishment and such political feelings have been typical for the baby boomer generation. Bonnu Raitt was born as the daughter of Broadway singer, John Raitt and she grew up in Los Angeles in an ambience of â€Å"respect for the arts, Quaker traditions, and a commitment to social activism† (Bonnieraitt.com). Towards the end of sixties, she went to study in Cambridge, was very much involved with the socio-political activities happening there, and was part of the ant i-war movement as a majority of baby boomers were (Bonnieraitt.com). In her musical career, she started with folk music and blues.

Maximizing Shareholder Wealth Essay Example for Free

Maximizing Shareholder Wealth Essay The goal of a firm and a financial manager should involve maximizing the wealth of a firm’s shareholders through achieving the highest possible value for the firm (Block 13). It is a vital task to oversee properly as a financial manager, and while the manager cannot directly control the firm’s stock price, it can act consistently with the desires of the shareholder. Accounting, financial and other irregularities can erode consumer confidence that says the system will operate in the best interests of shareholders, taxpayers and other constituents (Hintzen 2003). Therefore, ethical practices must be upheld to convey confidence to your clients. Your clients care about two major topics when hiring you: what is their return going to be, and is it going to occur when promised. Current stock prices as well as future expectations of value are controlled by the economic environment, but are difficult to forecast. In addition, expectations of stockholders are constantly varying depending on the economic climate. For instance, during the economic boom of . com businesses, people had high expectations of their money spent because of similar stocks. However, many companies had very high stock prices, with no real earnings yet, which distorted to economic health of some companies (Block 14). As related to business firms, social responsibility concerns such things as protecting the consumer, paying fair wages to employees, maintaining fair hiring practices, supporting education, and becoming actively involved in environmental issues like clean air and water. Many people feel that a firm has no choice but to act in socially responsible ways; they argue that shareholder wealth and, perhaps, the corporations very existence depends upon its being socially responsible. However, the criteria for social responsibility are not clearly defined, making formulation of a consistent objective function difficult (Dent 2005). As Christians, our social responsibility is defined through the Bible, and through it we should have perspective on what is right and wrong. While our job is to make money for our company and client, we must do so according to our beliefs, and what we know in our heart to be right, which God shows us. Philippians 1:9-10 (ESV) says, it is my prayer that your love may abound more and more, with knowledge and all discernment, so that you may approve what is excellent, and so be pure and blameless for the day of Christ.

Analysis of J Sainsbury’s Essay -- essays research papers

Analysis of J Sainsbury’s Unit 1- Business at work Businesses exist to produce goods and services. If someone is thinking of starting up their own business or becoming part of an existing business, they would have to have the knowledge of what makes business work successfully and know how to how to apply that knowledge in the particular area of business. For this unit I will be entering and exploring the world of business. For this unit I will encounter and evaluate information provided by certain businesses and actually gather my own information from at least one business. The business I have chosen to study is J Sainsbury’s. There are many types businesses in this world; these include Sole trader, Plc, Ltd, Partnership, Co-op and franchise. These types of businesses are all different from each other. Some of them need just one owner, some have hundreds. Sole Trader A sole trader is a one man business. There is just one manager. Although they are the sole manager and owner they can employ staff to work for them. They can employ as many as they want to work for them. A sole trader is self employed, this means they work for themselves, they employed themselves, they for nobody. Sole traders trade with others. They may trade expertise, an example of this would be a business consultant taking on a big job and needing an extra hand just for that job, so this person may employ a person with the expertise he/she needs. Because a sole trader is the sole owner he/she keeps all the profits, unless he/she has any employees. The owner of the business makes all the decisions, he/she will not have anyone telling them what to do. When one wants to set up a sole trader business it is relatively easy. There is little paper work involved bec... ...nagement practices which result in measurable continous quality improvement. It is this ongoing procceess of quality improvement. It is this ongoing process of quality improvement which contribute to changes in production. Advantages Prevents errors Prevents poor quality products Features of TQM: Quality Chains Company policy and accountability Control Monitering the process. Monitering the process. Quality Certification This is where the item being sold has been given a kite mark from the british standards institite for being at a certain standard of quality. Advantages: Marketing necessity Saving in cost Fewer problems and complaints Reduction of waste in internal process Disadvantages: Costly Lots of processes to go through Takes time Many take time to produced new products Lots of paperwork   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Challenges of the 21st Century and Pakistan

CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY AND PAKISTAN Dancing around the fire is not the solution to any problem. One should try to see beneath the surface in order to grasp an idea about the basic issue. Despite a stream of stung words and announcements made by the previous governments of Pakistan, there is a woeful neglect in accepting the challenges of the present millennium rather the situation has taken a quantum leap for the worse. On the other hand there are the most exciting times in the perspective of progress ever observed in the recorded history of mankind.All countries of the world are making the progress in almost all aspects of life. These countries are working hard to face the challenges of 21st century. The world in which we are living has become the world of information and technology. The old concept of ruling the world with power has completely changed by the disintegration of soviet union in the last decade of the previous century. The progress speeds of many countries are remarkable. China got independence two years after Pakistan but it has increased its speed of development up to a great extent.Today china is enjoying the status of world’s second fastest growing economy post Mayo, china has established an all time global record in doubling its per capita income between 1977 and 1987. According to a world Bank purchasing power parity (ppp) china has a GDP of just under $3. 0 trillions which is second largest after united states of America. If one accepts the projections of a Rand study of 1995 china will become world’s largest economy by 2010 with GDP of $11. 3 trillions. China has managed to get a complete control over the markets of many countries.Its trade abilities have captured a great foreign exchange reserve. Now china has entered in the making of such a car which may be considered very well prepared country to face the challenging environment of new millennium. It can also be said that today no effort to regulate global trade c an be succeeded if china is not part of decreased exchange risk premium in interest rates and has increased investment demands. The echo of single currency swept across the world with free trade zones. Due to this wonderful success of Euro, many countries have inspired nd they also started their ball rolling in the same direction. In Holland the Dutch people have innovated such a food for the cattle which helps the cattle to grow at a very fast rate. The cattle is very important for Holland as it enjoys a great position in the export of best quality milk, butter and meat. This earns a great amount of foreign exchange for Holland. The Dutch people have also worked successfully on a particular television which also provides all the facilities of a computer as well.These examples show that the Dutch people are very well prepared to face the challenges of the present millennium. The world has become a global village. The distances have been reduced up to an appreciable extent. In Americ a the people have started a new practice. The high officials do not go to the offices. They control majority of their official matters through computers. This helps them a lot in saving their precious times which they would have wasted in travelling. The countries like Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are working very hard.This hard work has enabled them to face the challenges of current millennium in a very dignified way. These countries have made development up to this extent that it has become a far cry for Pakistan to assimilate whit their stands. Korea has also attained a significant position in the exporters of cars and other vehicles. In 1960’s Malaysian economy was very poor but through hard work they have strengthened their economy up to a great extent. The Malayan television and other electronic instruments have really captured the markets of many countries.These countries have achieved this position of stabilization through their appropriate economic strategie s, good educational policies, sprit of patriotism and excellent foreign policies. The rate of progress in order to face the challenges of new century is also very high in India as compared to Pakistan. The Indian people have really done wonders in the field of information technology. The Indian software engineers have achieved remarkable successes. They have made exceptional innovations in this field. Indian government has provided all the possible support to their people.They have established a silicon Valley in Madras for this purpose. Through the export of software programs India is earning a great deal of foreign exchange which has played a vital role in reducing the economic distress in India. The Indian economy has become very strong. India has also been benefited from the female employment ratio in the country. The women are also working with the men in almost all the professions. The world has made progress in many fields at a massive rate. In the above mentioned facts and d evelopment made by the various countries, it can he easily analyzed that where do Pakistan stand?How Pakistan has prepared itself to face the challenges of the newly started millennium? Some efforts were also made in Pakistan to made some progress in the last decade of the previous century but those could not become result oriented due to self-centered access and sift handed complements from the advisors of the rules. The continuous change in the leadership of the country proved very harmful for the growth in all the fields. In the beginning of 1990’s the government of Nawaz Sharif took some steps in order to improve the infra structure of the country.He established the Motorway project in collaboration with the Daewoo company in order to improve the means of communication. He also facilitated the people of Narwhal with a new telephone exchange He also tried to introduce a self employment scheme in the form of â€Å"Yellow cab† in which the taxi cars were provided to t he educated youngsters on very easy and affordable installments. The purpose was to enhance the employment ratio in the country but this scheme also met the failure because many of his party members utilized this scheme for their own benefit. In 1930 when Mrs.Benazir Bhutto got the rule, she started a welfare program me for general masses under the name of peoples programmed which act rally proved worthless for the people as many politicians started personal aggrandizement through this programmed. They got heavy funds which were never used for the welfare of the people. They got heavy funds which were never used for the welfare of the people. Similar nothing valuable could be done in the next turn of Nawaz Sharif. The rolling substitution of governments in the last decade proved as main obstacle in the way of progress of our country.In 1999 during the argil episode Pakistan clearly witnessed that no country was ready to support it Even our closest friend china refused to helps . Thi s shows the failure of foreign policy. So Pakistan needs to reform its foreign policy on the following three grounds i. e. power, wealth and status. Power means the capacity of Islamabad to influence the policies of super powers towards Pakistan. Wealth means to increase the foreign exchange reserves of Pakistan . For this purpose the exports should be increased by raising the standards of our products. Status means to get a prestigious position for people of Pakistan in the world.One more important sector which needs a great attention is the infra structure. The unemployment has increased by leaps and bounds. It should be considered very seriously . The deserving and educated candidates don’t get the proper jobs. Instead of deserving candidate don’t get the proper jobs. Instead of deserving candidates there is often a square peg in the round hole which frustrates the deserving youngsters. This frustration gives rise to the crime rate in the country. So the merit syste m should be improved. So far all the efforts to stabilize the economy and infrastructure have proved to flog a dead horse.Pakistan also needs to improve the health facilities. The efforts made in this regard are not more than a drop in the ocean. So conclude in this way that in spite of all those obstacles and slow growth rate of progress. One may hope that the time will be changed. According to the policies made by the Musharraf government it can be considered that now the time is not far when Pakistan will bear the palm. Now the time has come that if we want Pakistan to rise up to that extent which was dreamt by Quaid-e AZ am, then every Pakistani will have to work up to his entire ability and diligence.

Inter-Professional Working Essay

The intention of this essay is to explore inter professional working and the impact it has on the quality of health care delivered within a mental health setting. For this purpose I have reflected on a previous placement where I worked in an acute mental health treatment ward and on the formative assessment assigned to me within this module. Inter professional working in a health care setting involves different health care professionals working together in a collaborative fashion, this ensures the highest quality of care is delivered to service users (Day, J 2005). It is suggested that the collaborative nature of inter professional working will lead to information and knowledge being shared amongst professionals within a team, which will ultimately lead to improved judgement when providing care and creating a higher bench mark for quality care (DOH 2007). In the NHS, it is stated that quality is defined by doing the right thing in the right way at the right time in the right place with the right result (NHS 2012). Lord Darzi’s High Quality Care for all (2008) states that delivering quality healthcare includes providing patients and the public with effective safety, cleanliness, delivery of care as well as a good patient experience and the consideration of patient dignity and respect . To assure that quality care is being provided, quality is externally and internally measured and evaluated. Within a healthcare setting it is measured at three levels. The national level includes audits, staff surveys, patient surveys and mortality and morbidity rates. The strategic level includes clinical governance, benchmarking and meetings amongst high level staff. The clinical level includes protocols, care pathways, complaints made by patients and infection control (CQC 2011). Within the NHS another element in the provision of quality, is the implementation of national service frameworks. These are implemented to make sure clear quality requirements are set and that the most up to date evidence based practice is working effectively in a given setting (DOH 2011). Following exploration of the literature for interprofessional working, three key issues identified are communication, culture and knowledge of professional roles (Pollard, K et al 2005). In regards to communication with in the team, to be able to provide holism in regards to a patients care all professionals within the team must engage in clear and open communication (Ellis. R et al 2003). It is essential that all of the professionals’ views and perspectives are heard and taken into consideration when implementing care. Although there are clear advantages to open communication there are often barriers that inhibit this practice. Lack of knowledge or the stereotyping of other professions can lead to ideas, recommendations and perspectives of an individual not being heard or taken into consideration. This can ultimately affect the quality of care delivered to a service user (Barret,G et al 2005). In order to overcome such barriers, trust and respect of fellow professionals must be present. If the environment is lacking in trust and respect, it may result in professionals protecting their roles and justifying actions. This can then result in a closed working environment, where professionals do not learn from shared experiences and constructive criticism is not welcomed. Collectively this can impede on the holistic and collaborative nature required in the delivery of healthcare (Day, J 2005). In order to approach care holistically, each member of the interprofessional team must have awareness and knowledge of the different professional roles within the team. This is due to the fact that conducting a holistic assessment is beyond the scope of any individual professional. Lack of knowledge of the roles of other professions and the boundaries of an individual’s role can lead to specific areas of care not being delivered to its highest quality (Wilcock, M et al. 2009). Professional culture can affect the delivery of quality care as the norms and values of different professional groups maybe in contrast with one another. This can lead to a disagreement or conflict when discussing and planning the approach when devising a plan to deliver patient care. However these differences between professional s can have a positive effect on the formulation and direction of service delivery (Day, J 2005). Taking into account the different ideals and perspectives can lead to a comprehensive and thorough assessment of a service user needs thus optimizing the quality of care provided. Within professional cultures there is often the use of unique jargon. Amongst an interprofessional team this can lead to barriers to effective communication which could ultimately lead to a lesser quality of care delivered. In order to overcome this obstacle members within the interprofessional team need to be self-aware of the language they are using to avoid causing confusion amongst professionals (Ellis. R et al .2003). On consideration of my placement in an acute psychiatric ward, I reflected on the interactions amongst the members of the interprofessional team. The role of the acute psychiatric ward was to provide treatment to service users aged eighteen to fifty five with conditions ranging from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective, depression, mania, eating disorders and borderline personality disorders. Due to the wide range of disorders and the complex care that is often required to treat service users holistically there were often more than one professional within the interprofessional team that was involved in a service users care (NICE 2011). The professionals that were involved in this wards care whilst I was on placement were Nurses, Occupational therapists, Psychiatrists, Pharmacists, Social workers, Dietitians and Psychologists. Due to the differing nature of each of these professions, unique perspectives of the service user and their needs are assessed and an adequate and holistic care plan could be implemented. Key information was often passed on, an example I observed was in regards to eating plans from the Dietitan passed on to the nursing staff for eating disorder patients. From my perspective as a student mental health nurse whilst on the ward it became apparent that professional culture and ideologies of the professions often came in conflict with each other. I observed this when decisions needed to be made, there was often a professional that had to compromise their views. Interprofessional working at times also had a negative effect on the service users. In one instance a patient was on continuous observations by two staff due to recent multiple suicide attempts, it was agreed amongst nursing staff that the service user only had essential items and was not allowed anything that could be potentially harmful to herself. Although this was agreed amongst nursing staff the policy did not state any specifics that were not allowed, it did however state that it would be at the discretion of the professional at the time that is carrying out the continuous observation. This ultimately led to conflict when the occupational therapist allowed the service user to use paints, pencils, and paint brushes. On reflection this was not conducive to the recovery or mental state of the service user due to lack of consistency from staff that were looking after her. Barrett, G et al (2005) states that the power share amongst the interprofessional team is an important issue as an unequal power share amongst the team could lead to professions oppressed and unable to have a significant input. However it is also argued that without strong leadership and direction there is no true direction to the care being delivered and professionals within the team will rely on others to take charge (DOH 2007). On the acute ward as a student nurse I found that on the surface level there was an equal power share with all the professionals having equal input. However at times it became apparent that if a decision was made that certain professions did not like, the former hierarchy system came to fruition and the grievance was taken directly to the consultant and their decision would be final. On placement I believe that professional culture was a boundary to effective communication and collaboration amongst staff. Although all patient notes were stored on RIO which is readily available to any staff involved with patient care information was never discussed openly, formally or informally between professions unless something of significance happened. The driving factor for the interprofessional team to congregate was at that point to discuss blame instead of collaborative working. Professional identity also contributed to the quality and the effectiveness of the care given in the placement setting. The very nature of the training of each professional automatically assigns a skill set, codes of practice and standards from their governing body for example the NMC (2012) or HPC (2012). Thus meaning the very nature of this governing body can often conflict with collaborative nature of an interprofessional team. My personal suggestions for my acute mental health placement would be that there are clear guidelines and policies that need to be implemented in order for seamless clinical care to be delivered amongst the professionals. This could set clear boundaries to the remit of staff’s responsibilities. I would also suggest that time for interprofessional education be available for staff so there is a sound knowledge between the professions which can lead to a greater appreciation of the care that is delivered. On reflection of my formative group assessment it became apparent that the interpretation of the task at hand was different between each of the four members of the group, this could have been due to the fact that amongst the group there were different specialities of nurses. Once this was realised the group had to meet in order for each member to be fully aware of what was expected of them. Once there was clarity in the roles of each of the members a co-ordinator was appointed for the work to be collected and arranged appropriately for the presentation. It was agreed amongst the group the order of speakers and this translated seamlessly to the presentation. It became evident after the assessment had ended that if we had not of congregated beforehand the presentation would have not been as organised and coherent as it was (appendix). In conclusion it is clear that interprofessional working plays a vital part in the effectiveness and quality of care delivered to a service user. The literature has stated that in able for quality care to be delivered there must be willing and open participation form all members of the interprofessional team to work collaboratively. Although there are many barriers to effective interprofessional working, regulating bodies such as the NMC and organisations such as NICE have initiatives and guidelines for guidance in overcoming differences and conflicts. Clearly defined roles is an importance for professionals to be able to deliver high quality care, however he very nature of interprofessional working can sometimes hinder this as the views and perspectives of a situation between different professionals conflict with each other thus potentially leading to lack of clarity when delivering care (Wilcock, M et al. 2009). These factors were often present in my own experience in the above mentioned clinical setting. It became apparent that although there was an interprofessional approach to delivering quality healthcare, there was no clear structure to the composition of the team thus leading to conflict occurring more often than effective collaboration. Reference list: Barret, g et al . (2005). The process required for effective interprofessional working. In: Barret,g et al Interprofessional working in health and social care . Hampshire: Palgrave. P8-18. CQC (2010). Mental Health five year action plan. London Day, J (2005). Being Interprofessional . UK: Nelson thornes . P1-161. DOH (2007). Creating an Interprofessional workforce. UK: London. 1-72. DOH (2008) High quality care for all. NHS next stage review final report. London DOH (2011) The NHS Performance framework: implementation guidence. London Ellis. R et al . (2003). Improving communication . In: Ellis. R et al Interpersonal communication in nursing . 2nd ed. Hampshire: Elsevier. HPC. (2012). Your duties as registarnts . Available: http://www.hpc-uk.org/assets/documents/10001BFBSCPEs-cfw.pdf. Last accessed 9th Apr 2012 NHS. (2012). Quality. Available: http://www.clinicalgovernance.scot.nhs.uk/section2/definition.asp. Last accessed 7th Apr 2012. NHS. (2012). Quality. Available: http://www.clinicalgovernance.scot.nhs.uk/section2/definition.asp. Last accessed 7th Apr 2012. NMC. (2012). The Code. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/The-code/. Last accessed 07th Apr 2012 Pollard, K et al . (2005). The need for interprofessional working. In: Barret,g et al Interprofessional working in health and social care . Hampshire: Palgrave. P5-7. Wilcock, M et al. (2009). Health care improvement and continuing interprofessional education . Journal of continuing education in the health professions . 29 (2), p84-90

Child Development1 essays

Child Development1 essays Babies grow and develop at a very rapid rate during the first year of life. They grow physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. In this paper I will discuss the physical growth and development patterns of an infant all the way through adulthood. Development is the baby's increased skill in using various body parts. When dealing with a development of a child there are three basic development rules. First development rule: This rule says that babies develop in the head region first, then the trunk, and lastly in the legs and feet. For example, a baby can hold up their head before they can grasp an object with their hand. Also they can feed themselves before they can walk. Second development rule: The second development rule explains that children develop from the mid line, or center of the body, outward toward the fingers and toes. Third development rule: Finally, this rule reveals that, as the brain develops, a child responds to more and more sights and sounds in their environment. Furthermore, they learn to respond to much finer details. A general rule is that a baby increases in height by 50% and triples its birth weight in the first year. Clearly, this is a very rapid growth rate; however, the rate of growth slows down after infancy. At three months, a baby is alert and responding to the world. When put on their tummy, they can hold their chest and head up for ten seconds. They try to swipe at toys hung over the crib. They turn their heads toward an interesting sound or listen to voices. Babies love to stare at people's faces. They coo and gurgle. At six months a baby is developing control over its body. They can sit with support and may sit alone for short periods of time. They can roll over. They will hold out their arms to be lifted up or reach and grab an object. They can hold their own bottles and toys. They laugh out loud, babbles, "calls" for help and screams when annoyed. A...

Dieppe Raid in World War II

Dieppe Raid in World War II The Dieppe Raid took place during World War II (1939-1945).  Launched on August 19, 1942, it was an Allied effort to capture and occupy the port of Dieppe, France for a short period. The primary objective of the raid was to gather intelligence and test strategies for the invasion of Europe. Despite the element of surprise being lost, the operation went forward and was a complete failure. The largely Canadian forces that landed suffered losses of over 50%.  The lessons learned during the Dieppe Raid influenced later Allied amphibious operations. Background Following the Fall of France in June 1940, the British began developing and testing new amphibious tactics which would be needed in order to return to the Continent. Many of these were utilized during the commando operations conducted by Combined Operations. In 1941, with the Soviet Union under extreme pressure, Joseph Stalin asked Prime Minister Winston Churchill to expedite the opening of a second front. While British and Americans forces were not in a position to launch a major invasion, several large raids were discussed. In identifying potential targets, Allied planners sought to test tactics and strategies that could be used during the main invasion. Key among these was whether a large, fortified seaport could be captured intact during the initial phases of the attack. Also, while infantry landing techniques had been perfected during the commando operations, there was concern regarding the effectiveness of the landing craft designed to carry tanks and artillery, as well as questions regarding the German response to the landings. Moving forward, planners selected the town of Dieppe, in northwest France, as the target. The Allied Plan Designated Operation Rutter, preparations for the raid began with the goal of implementing the plan in July 1942. The plan called for paratroopers to land east and west of Dieppe to eliminate German artillery positions while the Canadian 2nd Division assaulted the town. In addition, the Royal Air Force would be present in force with the goal of drawing the Luftwaffe into battle. Embarking on July 5, the troops were aboard their ships when the fleet was attacked by German bombers. With the element of surprise eliminated, it was decided to cancel the mission. While most felt the raid was dead, Lord Louis Mountbatten, the head of Combined Operations, resurrected it on July 11 under the name Operation Jubilee. Working outside of the normal command structure, Mountbatten pressed for the raid to go forward on August 19. Due to the unofficial nature of his approach, his planners were forced to utilize intelligence that was months old. Changing the initial plan, Mountbatten replaced the paratroopers with commandos and added two flank attacks designed to capture the headlands that dominated Dieppes beaches. Fast Facts: Dieppe Raid Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: August 19, 1942Armies Commanders:AlliesLord Louis MountbattenMajor General John H. Roberts6,086 menGermanyField Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt1,500 menCasualties:Allies: 1,027 were killed and 2,340 were capturedGermany: 311 killed and 280 wounded Early Problems Departing on August 18, with Major General John H. Roberts in command, the raiding force moved across the Channel towards Dieppe. Issues quickly arose when the eastern commando forces ships encountered a German convoy. In the brief fight that followed, the commandos were scattered and only 18 successfully landed. Led by Major Peter Young, they moved inland and opened fire on the German artillery position. Lacking the men to capture it, Young was able to keep the Germans pinned down and away from their guns. Lieutant Colonel The Lord Lovat of No. 4 Commando, at Newhaven after returning from the Dieppe Raid. Public Domain Far to west, No. 4 Commando, under Lord Lovat, landed and quickly destroyed the other artillery battery. Next to land were the two flank attacks, one at Puys and the other at Pourville. Landing at Pourville, just to the east of Lovats commandos, Canadian troops were put ashore on the wrong side of the Scie River. As a result, they were forced to fight through town to gain the only bridge across the stream. Reaching the bridge, they were unable to get across and were forced to withdraw. To the east of Dieppe, Canadian and Scottish forces hit the beach at Puys. Arriving in disorganized waves, they encountered heavy German resistance and were unable to get off the beach. As the intensity of the German fire prevented rescue craft from approaching, the entire Puys force was either killed or captured. A Bloody Failure Despite the failures on the flanks, Roberts pressed on with the main assault. Landing around 5:20 AM, the first wave climbed up the steep pebble beach and encountered stiff German resistance. The attack on the eastern end of the beach was stopped completely, while some progress was made at the western end, where troops were able to move into a casino building. The infantrys armor support arrived late and only 27 of 58 tanks successfully made it ashore. Wounded on the beach at Dieppe, August 19, 1942. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-291-1205-14 / Koll / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Those that did were blocked from entering the town by an anti-tank wall. From his position on the destroyer HMS Calpe, Roberts was unaware that the initial assault was trapped on the beach and taking heavy fire from the headlands. Acting on fragments of radio messages which implied that his men were in the town, he ordered his reserve force to land. Taking fire all the way to the shore, they added to the confusion on the beach. Finally around 10:50 AM, Roberts became aware that the raid had turned into a disaster and ordered the troops to withdraw back to their ships. Due to heavy German fire, this proved difficult and many were left on the beach to become prisoners. The deadly result of enfilade fire during the Dieppe Raid of 1942: dead Canadian soldiers lie where they fell on Blue Beach. Trapped between the beach and fortified sea wall, they made easy targets for MG 34 machineguns in a German bunker. The bunker firing slit is visible in the distance, just above the German soldiers head. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-291-1205-14 / Koll / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Aftermath Of the 6,090 Allied troops that took part in the Dieppe Raid, 1,027 were killed and 2,340 were captured. This loss represented 55% of Roberts total force. Of the 1,500 Germans tasked with defending Dieppe, losses totaled around 311 killed and 280 wounded. Severely criticized after the raid, Mountbatten defended his actions, citing that, despite its failure, it provided vital lessons which would be used later in Normandy. In addition, the raid led Allied planners to drop the notion of capturing a seaport during the initial stages of the invasion, as well as showed the importance of pre-invasion bombardments and naval gunfire support.

Business and Management Research methods Assignment

Business and Management Research methods - Assignment Example The purpose of this essay is to review and summarize the article, and to include some definitions and preferably challenging research questions in the field. Likewise, the discourse would comply with the requirement of critically reviewing the paper by evaluating its weaknesses and strengths. Finally, suggested ways and opportunities for improving the paper would be presented after a comprehensive analytical and critical reflection is undertaken, as required. Summary of Relevant Details The authors recognized the increasing number of literatures written on the subject of online shopping and acknowledged three clearly defined purposes, to wit: (1) to identify and review current available research studies on online shopping related to media factors influencing buyer behavior and to pinpoint critical dimensions that emerge from these studies; (2) to evaluate and compare the key dimensions on online shopping behavior vis-a-vis traditional shopping channel behavior; and (3) to suggest fut ure thrusts for research on online shopping using the information gathered. ... The four key dimensions were discussed after the tabular presentation of summarized online literatures. The informativeness dimension was defined as an online category of consumer behavior that focuses on elements of â€Å"information relevancy, information accuracy, information comprehensiveness, and information interactivity† (Shen, et.al, 2006, 6). Each distinct variable was explained using various literatures on the subject. The manner by which information comprehensiveness, for instance, was proffered initially indicate that â€Å"information comprehensiveness is a measure of the amount of information furnished by the channel. Consumers expect a certain level of information, and when the information provided by the Web approaches this level, information comprehensiveness is enhanced† (ibid.). The theoretical framework used to explain customer service dimension presented two distinct studies conducted by Wolfinbarger and Gilly (2003) and Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Ma lhotra (2002) which identified customer service in terms of scales or levels. Wolfinbarger and Gilly (2003) clearly distinguished variables of reliability/fulfillment, as contrasted to security/privacy, as essential factors to ensure the effective delivery of products and services parallel to according satisfaction. The difference in presentation of data from the research study written by Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Malhotra (2002) falls into the manner by which security and privacy were treated as separate concepts of customer service. The delivery of products is another element taken into account under this dimension. The convenience dimension was presented by the authors by citing it as

Top Secret America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Top Secret America - Assignment Example Since the hits against American targets were essentially intelligence failures, there was great need to beef up the current intelligence arrangements inside American borders. Historical performance of the intelligence mechanisms proves that internal intelligence failures need to be tackled at the earliest in order to guarantee the American way of life. The intelligence apparatus in operation in the First World War was unable to avert multiple internal intelligence failures such as the Black Tom incident1. The creation of the Office of Secret Services (OSS) and the subsequent restructuring as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has been essential to avoid internal and external threats since the Second World War. The recent restructuring of the intelligence community must be seen in the context of the previous restructuring efforts and their results. If the American government had failed to restructure its intelligence apparatus following the First World War and the Second World War, there are chances that the American way of life would have disappeared in the face of rising Communist aggression2. The commentary provided by The Washington Post relating to intelligence community expansions in recent years fails to see the bigger picture. The emphasis of â€Å"Top Secret America† lies in proving that the intelligence community is out of control for the federal government. ... In a similar manner, the July bombings in London as well as other similar terror related incidents involved execution by elements located inside the borders of a country3. Moreover, these elements were indistinguishable from the general public. The Washington Post’s interpretation considers eavesdropping and filtering of common messages and other information as being contrary to basic civil liberties. However, what the authors have failed to account for is that these very activities alert the counter terrorism agencies in time to take positive action. People such as Ramzi Yousaf and Aimal Kansi roamed the streets in America without hindrance for years, gathering intelligence for their ringmasters. In case that an intervention based intelligence and security apparatus had existed in America prior to 9/11, there would have been much lower of a chance for such incidents. The lives lost in 9/11 and since it are all due to a failed intelligence mechanism. Years of peace following t he undeclared end of the Cold War led successive American governments to cut down on defense spending. Most of the cuts in the defense spending originated from areas that provided intangible outcomes such as intelligence cues. Eras such as the Reagan administration or the Clinton administration saw massive increases in overseas defense spending compared to decreases in intelligence spending at home. The subsequent erosion of resources from the intelligence community meant that intelligence spending decreased significantly in the decades following the Cold War. Consequently, a weakened intelligence mechanism gave perpetrators a chance to operate on local soil to eliminate local targets.

TEENAGE SEXUAL HEALTH AND CRITICAL INCIDENT Essay

TEENAGE SEXUAL HEALTH AND CRITICAL INCIDENT - Essay Example unintended pregnancy, related policies and legislation of the United Kingdom government towards child and adolescent protection, and a critical analysis of John’s Model of Reflection 1995, towards improved nursing practice in the field of teenage sexual health. Sexual Health is defined by the Family Planning Association as â€Å"the capacity and freedom to enjoy and express sexuality without exploitation, oppression, physical or emotional harm†. Sexual health is stated to be an important part of physical and mental health. Together with other fundamental rights, it is a key part of our identity as human beings. According to Bekaert (2005: 86), the essential elements of good sexual health include access to information and services to avoid the risk of unintended pregnancy, illness or disease. Sexual intercourse at a younger age and poor condom use have led to increased rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the teenage group, states Bekaert (2005: 14). The government has responded to the general increase in STIs with the national strategy for sexual health and HIV. It recommends the promotion of sexual health and of mainstream sexual health services to decrease the incidence of STIs. 20% to 30% of teenage females diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection acquire another disease within eighteen months. The consequences of infection with an STI vary according to the infection. They can include increased risk of cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy and infertility. With acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the individual is susceptible to opportunistic infections and will ultimately die. The consequences of STIs can be worse for teenagers as they tend to present late for treatment, have a poor knowledge of STIs and have unrealistic perceptions of their risks. The risk factors for contracting sexually transmitted diseases are: male sex, young age, early age at first intercourse, number of partners, ethnic

If I were President Essay Example for Free

If I were President Essay I know theyve hurt you bad. Wide, the scars you have. Baby let me straighten out your broken bones, All your faults to me make you more beautiful. I cant help it, I love the broken ones, The ones who, Need the most patching up. The ones who, Never been loved, Never been loved, Never been loved enough. Maybe I see a part of me in them. The missing piece always trying to fit in. The shattered heart, Hungry for a home. No youre not alone, I love the broken ones. You dont have to drive, With your headlights off. Its a pocketknife, Not a gift from God. Dont you learn of love from the love they kept. I will be your anchor slowly, Step by step. I cant help it, I love the broken ones, The ones who, Need the most patching up. The ones who, Never been loved, Never been loved, Never been loved enough. Maybe I see a part of me in them. The missing piece always trying to fit in. The shattered heart, Hungry for a home. No youre not alone, I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. Maybe we can rip off the bandage. Maybe you will see it for what it is. Maybe we can burn this building, Holding you in. I cant help it, I love the broken ones, The ones who, Need the most patching up. The ones who, Never been loved, Never been loved, Never been loved enough. Maybe I see a part of me in them. The missing piece always trying to fit in. The shattered heart, Hungry for a home. No youre not alone, I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. Lost Im out on my own again Face down in the porcelain Feeling so high but looking so low Party favors on the floor Group of girls banging on the door So many new fair-weather friends ooo: Have you ever been so lost Known the way and still so lost Caught in the eye of a hurricane Slowly waving goodbye like a pageant parade So sick of this town pulling me down My mother says I should come back home but Cant find the way cause the way is gone So if I pray am I just sending words into outer space Have you ever been so lost Known the way and still so lost Another night waiting for someone to take me home Have you ever been so lost Is there a light Is there a light At the end of the road Im pushing everyone away Cause I cant feel this anymore Cant feel this anymore Have you ever been so lost Known the way and still so lost Another night waiting for someone to take me home Have you ever been so lost Have you ever been so LOST. The One-Eyed One-Horned Flying Purple People Eater Well I saw the thing coming out of the sky It had one long horn and one big eye I commenced to shakin and I said oo-wee It looks like a purple people eater to me It was a one-eyed one-horned flying purple people eater Sure looks good to me Well, he came down to earth and he lit in a tree I said mr Purple People Eater dont eat me I heard him say in a voice so gruff I wouldnt eat you cos youre too tough It was a one-eyed one-horned flying purple people eater It sure looks strange to me I said mr Purple People Eater whats your line He said eating purple people and it sure is fine But thats not the reason that I came to land I wanna get a job in a rock n roll band Well, bless my soul rock n roll flying purple people eater Pigeon-toed under-growed flyin purple people eater one-eyed one-horned it was a people eater What a sight to see Well, he swung from the tree and he lit on the ground he started to rock really rockin around It was a crazy ditty with a swinging tune Wop bop a lula wop bam boom one-eyes one-horned flying people eater Ooh, it sure looks strange to me Well he went on his way and then what do you know I saw him last night on a TV show He was a blowin it out and really knockin them dead Playing rock n roll music through the horn in his head The Lion Sleeps Tonight : (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) In the jungle, the mighty jungle The lion sleeps tonight In the jungle the quiet jungle The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the quiet village The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) In the jungle, the mighty jungle The lion sleeps tonight In the jungle the quiet jungle The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the quiet village The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight YOU’RE GONNA GO FAR KID Show me how to lie Youre getting better all the time And turning all against the one Is an art thats hard to teach Another clever word Sets off an unsuspecting herd And as you get back into line A mob jumps to their feet Now dance, dance, dance Man, he never had a chance And no one even knew It was really only you And now you steal away Take him out today Nice work you did Youre gonna go far, kid With a thousand lies And a good disguise Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Slowly out of line And drifting closer in your sights So play it out Im wide awake Its a scene about me Theres something in your way And now someone is gonna pay And if you cant get what you want Well its all because of me Now dance, dance, dance Man, I never had a chance And no one even knew It was really only you And now youll lead the way Show the light of day Nice work you did Youre gonna go far, kid Trust, deceived! With a thousand lies And a good disguise Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Now dance, dance, dance He never had a chance And no one even knew It was really only you So dance, dance, dance I never had a chance It was really only you With a thousand lies And a good disguise Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Clever alibis Lord of the flies Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Keep Holding On Youre not alone Together we stand Ill be by your side, you know Ill take your hand When it gets cold And it feels like the end Theres no place to go You know I wont give in No I wont give in Keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Just stay strong Cause you know Im here for you, Im here for you Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through So far away I wish you were here Before its too late, this could all disappear Before the doors close And it comes to an end With you by my side I will fight and defend Ill fight and defend Yeah, yeah Keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Just stay strong Cause you know Im here for you, Im here for you Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Hear me when I say, when I say I believe Nothings gonna change, nothings gonna change destiny Whatevers meant to be will work out perfectly Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah La da da da La da da da La da da da da da da da da Keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Just stay strong Cause you know Im here for you, Im here for you Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Keep holding on Keep holding on Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through What Doesnt Kill You (Stronger) You know the bed feels warmer Sleeping here alone You know I dream in color And do the things I want You think you got the best of me Think youve had the last laugh Bet you think that everything good is gone Think you left me broken down Think that Id come running back Baby you dont know me, cause youre dead wrong What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone What doesnt kill you makes a fighter Footsteps even lighter Doesnt mean Im over cause youre gone What doesnt kill you makes you stronger, stronger Just me, myself and I What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone You heard that I was starting over with someone new They told you I was moving on, over you You didnt think that Id come back Id come back swinging You try to break me, but you see What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone What doesnt kill you makes a fighter Footsteps even lighter Doesnt mean Im over cause youre gone What doesnt kill you makes you stronger, stronger Just me, myself and I What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone Thanks to you I got a new thing started Thanks to you Im not the broken-hearted Thanks to you Im finally thinking about me You know in the end the day you left was just my beginning In the end What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone What doesnt kill you makes a fighter Footsteps even lighter Doesnt mean Im over cause youre gone

The Cloning Debate Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Cloning Debate Not so far in the future, a young boy of the age of six, dying a heart-wrenching death, will only be able survive with a bone marrow transplant.   His parents will have searched near and far for a match, but none will come to their aid.   The only possible way that they can produce a perfect match for their son's bone marrow is to clone their son.   Unfortunately, at this time this topic is still being discussed and debated upon with the government.   Their only child that has been their treasure for six years might die.   A clone of their son becomes their apple of aspiration to keep the treasure from being buried. With a scenario as presented above, cloning might seem like the answer to hundreds of lives taken at the expense of uncontrollable forces.   But is there another side to the story?   Isn't there always?   Professor Kevin Williams of Georgetown University is still depicting the ambiguity of this topic when he states, "Like Adam and Eve, we want to be God, to be in control.   The question is, what are the limits?" (U.S. News World Report).   Making an identical copy of another human being is a rather drastic move, a move that in most people's eyes can only be carried through by God.   Some deem that cloning would put us in the shoes of God.   They believe that instead of God creating life, we would.   Some professors beg to differ, like David Fletcher of Wheaton College in Wheaton, IL who argues, "It is still only God who creates life." Perhaps cloning is not the answer and our society should leave reproduction up to the natural ways.   But then one must ask themselves the question of 'why not'.   Is there some horrible outcome that will back fire due to the aberrant ways of creating a child?   Is bring... ...volunteers, would we misuse it like Green thinks?   Are we capturing the phenomenon or is it destined to engross us? Sources Cited Coghlan, Andy.   "Reprogram Your   Body."   www.newscientist.com/nsplus/insight/clone/reprogram.html (16 April 2001). Decker, Christine.   "OSU Ethics Specialist To Provide National Report On Religion, Cloning."   www.orst.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/1997/March97/courtclone.htm  Ã‚   (17 April 2001). Green, Ronald M.   "I, Clone."   www.sciam.com/1999/0999bionic/0999green.html   (17 April 2001). Herbert, Wray.   "The World After Cloning."   www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/970310/10clon/htm   (16 April 2001). Vere, Steven.   "The Case for Cloning Humans."   www.best.com/~vere/cloning/htm  Ã‚   (17 April 2001). Wachbroit, Robert.   "Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning." www.puaf.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/cloning/htm   (17 April 2001).

Lady Macbeth is referred to as a ‘fiend-like queen’ Essay

At the end of the play lady Macbeth is referred to as a ‘fiend-like queen’. Do you agree with this final assessment of her and can we hold her in any way responsible for the chaos and destruction there is at the play’s conclusion? Through focused analysis of Shakespeare’s presentation of her character, give your response to this interpretation. Consider: * The influence she has on her husband * Audience reaction then and now * And anything else you feel is relevant Malcolm gives one of the many different opinions of Lady Macbeth, when he comments on her ambitious and manipulative side. He calls her â€Å"fiend-like.† Another opinion which is less associated with her is the gentle woman’s opinion near the end as she is pitied by her in regards to her conscience and guilt for the murders and for chaotic situation in Scotland. She is viewed as the source of destruction in Scotland by some and is pitied by others. At the time Macbeth was written James I was on the throne. At that time people believed in the divine right of kings, they believed that the king was a spokes person from god and to murder a king would have been seen as the most abominable of crimes. So for Macbeth and lady Macbeth to commit the murder of Duncan who is a king would have been seen as evil and sacrilegious. Macbeth was performed around 1611 for James I and it reflects his interests in witchcraft from his own personal experiences at the time. A modern audience would be more cynical of the idea of witchcraft whereas a Shakespearean audience believed that witches were real and would have been more afraid of some of the themes and happenings in the play. Lady Macbeth is seen as being even more ambitious than her husband and has fewer moral scruples. She urges Macbeth to kill Duncan, and refuses to understand his doubts and hesitations. Gradually her close relationship with Macbeth crumbles into nothing because of this. She is first introduced to the play when she is reading a letter from Macbeth which is addressed to her. In the letter Macbeth calls her, â€Å"my dearest partner in greatness† this is unusual because in the time the play is set it was odd for women to be of equal status to men, but Macbeth who is also her husband sees her as his partner and therefore equal. Upon reading the letter she immediately jumps to the unusual conclusion of murdering Duncan for Macbeth to become king as prophesied and already starts to plot what she has to do to fulfil what she has been told will happen. When Macbeth comes home she tells him of her plan of murdering Duncan which is similar to what Macbeth thinks when he is made Thane of Cawdor, only Macbeth dismisses the thought and reasons with himself that it is wrong were Lady Macbeth is resolute and even goes so far to call on ‘evil spirits’ to ‘unsex’ her â€Å"Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, to cry ‘hold, hold'†. She sees that Macbeth is not as determined as she is about the murder and sees his tendency to think of the consequences of their actions and sees it as a crucial weakness in her plan which shows selfishness in her character. She tells him, â€Å"Look like th’innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t† the imagery of a flower shows that he should look ‘sweet’ and innocent on the outside so as not to arouse suspicion but, that on the inside he should be able to be as harsh and deadly as a serpent. When she invokes evil spirits to ‘unsex’ her and take away her femininity the language used by Shakespeare is Iambic pentameter, which he uses to show the status of a character and that she is as equal as Macbeth and Macduff who also speak in Iambic pentameter in the play as most of her speeches in the play are in this form. Her speech as she calls on evil spirits is of this form of language to show the importance in what she is asking and how it will affect her in the rest of the play. The use of rhyming couplets and Iambic pentameter makes the communication more memorable to the audience. although when it comes to the murder she cannot kill Duncan herself because of the way he resembles her father, â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t† this might show her character as being not completely evil because of the love for her father and shows us a humane side of her and that she relies on the ‘evil spirits’ to conceal her emotions. The words used like â€Å"come† and â€Å"fill† shows the urgency and highlights her determination, and the violent and inhuman imagery used like â€Å"You murdering ministers†, â€Å"That my keen knife† and â€Å"Of direst cruelty; make thick my blood,† emphasises her determination even more. The violent imagery of a brutal murder of a child â€Å"And dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this† reinforces the concept that innocence is destroyed in Scotland when Macbeth become king by use of deceit, treachery and brutality. The tactics she uses to make Macbeth commit the murder are manipulative ones; she uses his ambition against him and could only have persuaded him to go through with her plans by using his soaring ambition. Another tactic she uses is whenever Macbeth disagrees with her she attacks his ‘manhood’ and sense of pride which is another form of manipulation, â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man†. She is also shown as an intelligent person as she is able at the banquet when Macbeth is drawing suspicion to himself to quickly think of excuses â€Å"My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth. Pray you ,keep seat† another example of her quick thinking is just after the murder of Duncan where again Macbeth is drawing attention to them by ‘over acting’ him being innocent, she faints to draw the attention away from Macbeth and so they don’t become suspicious. She is a controlled decisive character compared to Macbeth as he struggles to make up his mind if it is right to commit the murder whereas Lady Macbeth makes the decision and keeps it. She is also very perceptive as she realises Macbeth’s dilemma with his conscience, â€Å"Your face, my thane, is as a book where men may read strange matters.† She is compared to her husband Macbeth. Macbeth is also ambitious but not so much as Lady Macbeth, she doesn’t think of the consequences like Macbeth. She just goes through with the plan of murder and has to call on ‘evil spirits’ to suppress the guilt that she knows she will feel. Only it back fires and she becomes so over come with guilt she begins to sleepwalk and become paranoid of seeing a ‘spot’ of blood on her hand that will not come off no matter how many times she washes her hands. The ‘spot’ of blood represents the guilt she feels and how she subconsciously (in her sleep) tries to get rid of it. Where as Macbeth deals with his guilt in a different way and pushes Lady Macbeth further and further away putting a strain on their once strong relationship. He becomes paranoid and deals with it and accepts the fact that what he did was wrong but he can’t go back and so carries down the path that leads to his destruction. As the play progresses she begins to lose her confidence and Macbeth seems to gain more. They are like a ‘set of scales’ that they both evenly balance out another and there always has to be a more dominate partner even though they address each other as equals. As she starts to descend and become more unstable she invokes some sympathy from a modern audience where in a Shakespearean audience would have seen her as a witch and therefore would not have sympathy for her at all, in fact they would probably would have seen her getting what she deserves and would have been happy in hearing of her death because at the time witchcraft would have been seen as evil and at the start of the play where she calls on ‘evil spirits’ is an example of witchcraft whereas a modern audience is more sceptical. The majority of a modern audience would not believe in witches or ‘evil spirits’. Lady Macbeth is compared with other characters in the play. Another character is Lady Macduff. Lady Macduff is shown in the play as what a woman of that time is supposed to be. This would be, caring and protective over her children where Lady Macbeth is shown to have none of theses feminine qualities because instead of caring and nurturing she has ambition and cruelty. And example of this would be, in a speech to Macbeth about how committed to the murder she is she talks about if she had promised Macbeth that she would kill her first born as he had promised to kill Duncan for her. She says, â€Å"Dash’d the brains out, had I sworn as you have done to this† this is a rather graphic and violent image and shows that she has none of the stereotypical qualities associated with women and that’s what makes her so different from lady Macduff. Lady Macduff protects her children and describes herself as a wren protecting her young ones â€Å"for the poor wren, the mist diminutive of birds, will fight, her young ones in her nest against the owl† the bird imagery is also used around and by Lady Macbeth but it is mostly the crow which is seen as a symbol of evilness and death. It is interesting that both Lady Macbeth and Lady Macduff see Macduff as a traitor for leaving his family, which shows some similarity in their morals. Even the language Shakespeare uses for her changes from blank verse to prose. This shows the disintegration of her character and how she is slowly losing her status in the play and also her state of mind. It is almost like she has been driven insane by suppressing her guilt. And because of that guilt the relationship between her and Macbeth has fallen apart, not only because of their ambition but also because of her making them pursue the ambitions. This leaves them in a place that they can’t come back from and even though Macbeth accepts that, she cannot and it is almost like she may be blaming herself for how things turned out in the end. Most importantly if she thought perusing their ambitions because she wanted the best for her husband. It eventually leads both of them becoming distant. This example of psychological insight of her character means that maybe she is not as much of a monster if she can feel remorse and guilt even if it is in the form of her subconscious state. When she starts compulsively washing her hands shows a deeply troubled psyche and this contradicts in what she says earlier to Macbeth â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† and then later she talks about the ‘perfumes of Arabia’. Shakespeare’s audience may have associated this with the mark of the devil, where a modern audience might see is as a dramatic representation of her anguish, guilt and torment that she can’t get rid off. This is ironic because at the start of the play just after the murder of Duncan she tells Macbeth to wash his hands but is now trying to wash her own, her reference earlier † What is done cannot be undone† yet she can’t accept her own statement or change the past. The imagery of light and darkness is used around her. The light represents good where darkness shows evil. When she is sleep walking and feeling her guilt it is said that she must have light near her continually, whereas at the start of the play she called on darkness but now it is reversed because she now needs light. When she commits suicide this could be seen as a desperate act to cleanse her mind from the over weighing burden of guilt. She may have just broken down because she has suppressed these emotions whereas Macbeth analysed them and accepted them and therefore could move on, allowing him some release but condemning her into a trap and the only way out was to create her own demised she was that desperate for the guilt to stop tormenting her. In the end of the play after her death and the death of Macbeth, Malcolm refers to her as ‘fiend-like queen’; this is an unfair statement of her character, but some may agree that she is responsible for some of the chaos and destruction at the end of the play, after all it was her ambition that fuelled the cause of Macbeths rampage through Scotland because of his guilt and paranoia that started after she manipulated him into committing murder and becoming a traitor. One could judge her to be an over ambitious person that got sucked in with the idea of power and forgot that it could lead to her downfall. At the beginning of the play she comes across as being vindictive and heartless, a person that takes control and dominates Macbeth in to doing as she says â€Å"To alter favour is to fear. Leave all the rest to me† but as the story goes on she starts to lose that confidence and guilt and doubt start to take over her mind and it is then you start to feel sympathetic towards her. You could feel sorry for her because she had lost everything all because of her ambitious nature and now there was no going back. Some would only agree slightly with the statement Malcolm uses to describe her. At the beginning one may have described her as a ‘fiend’, because of the way she takes charge in the murder and how she immediately jumps to that decision without thinking of the consequences. She is also impatient as she is to not be able to wait to see if the prophecy the witches said will become true. She has to make it become true herself and so takes matters into her own hands and does cause destruction and chaos around her. However she does not do this alone, Macbeth contributes to some of the chaos and destruction even if she was the one to start it. When Macbeth realises that he is in so far that he can not go back instead of stopping the murders he is doing he carries on whereas, Lady Macbeth stops and is consumed by guilt and takes it upon herself to end it. The original source of mischief could be the witches. They might be to blame for the devastation in Scotland, because of the prophecies they made. Without them Macbeth and Lady Macbeth may not have been tempted and tricked by their ambition that caused their downfall. Shakespeare reveals that no villain is entirely ‘fiend-like’ and that there is a source of conscience within everyone. So in fairness the term ‘fiend-like queen’ and the assessment of her holding responsibility for the chaos and destruction and is only partly true. Even though she is a part of the disarray, she is still not solely to blame. After all Macbeth also caused some of that destruction and chaos and even after her death; he carried on with the battle between him and Malcolm. In a way they really were equal partners, because they were both evenly responsible for their own demise and the desegregation in their own mental status and in their relationship with each other, and how their own ambitions became too much for not only the other to control, but for themselves. and that of the other characters in the play. A quote that conveys this is after the murder Lady Macbeth advises Macbeth not to think of his guilt and the irony of the statement she declares is that eventually she does think on the ‘deeds’ and lives the truth in her own declaration. â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad†. It would appear that she also wore â€Å"a heart so white† which earlier claimed that she would be ashamed of.